A metabolic disorder can be resulted from enzyme deficits or disturbances in function of various organs including the liver, kidneys, pancreas, cardiovascular system, and endocrine system. Objective: Metabolic disorders (MD) can disturb intracellular metabolic processes. So, the potential benefits of using SPC as an inexpensive substrate for the commercial production of CLA and EPA should be noted. lactis strains could yield 9cis-, 11 trans-linoleic and eicosapentaenoic at 0.18 and 0.39% of the total fatty acids.Conclusion Under optimized conditions, with an inoculation level of 4% on the SPC medium with 70% humidity and at 37☌, B. To confirm the accuracy of the conditions, an experiment was conducted according to the defined requirements.ResultsThe results were compared with the predicted data, which showed a significant difference. Also, SPC with 80% humidity at 2% and 4% inoculation levels, and at 30 and 44☌ was obtained. The introduced SPC consisted of 60% humidity, 2% inoculation level at 37☌, and 60% humidity, and 4% inoculation level at 30 and 44☌ it also included 6% inoculation level at 37☌, 70% humidity at 2% inoculation level, at 30 and 44☌, and 4% inoculation level at 37☌. Accordingly, a homogeneous SPC paste substrate at 60, 70, and 80% humidity was prepared with different inoculation levels at 30, 37, and 44☌ to assess the strain behavior. Process conditions including humidity, inoculation level, and temperature parameters were optimized by adopting the response surface methodology (RSM) method (response surface method) and the design expert software.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of solid-state fermentation based on SPC to produce CLA and EPA by B.
This chapter highlights the composition, biological activities, and applications of CPBCO.īackground and PurposeIn regard to the biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by some bacteria, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of solid-state fermentation based on soybean pressed cake (SPC) to produce CLA and EPA by Bifidobacterium lactis. Besides, thymoquinone is an important minor compound for CPBCO and contributes to human health and organoleptic properties. In particular, γ-tocopherol and β-tocotrienol are rich in CPBCO and these compounds exhibit strong antioxidant activity. Most of these compounds have biological properties and contribute to human health. Besides fatty acids, CPBCO contains some minor compounds such as sterols, tocols, phenolics, carotenoids, and essential aroma compounds. The major fatty acids in CPBCO are linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids, accounting for 58%, 24%, and 12%, respectively. Cold pressed black cumin oils (CPBCO) contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (~ 60% of total fatty acids), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (~ 24% of total fatty acids). Among these techniques, the cold pressing method is popular due to consumers’ desire for natural and healthy foods. The oils were obtained from black cumin seeds with different extraction techniques. Black cumin seeds are rich in fixed oil (approximately up to 42%) depending on geographic location, cultivar, and growing conditions. The seeds are used in Asian countries as folk medicine to treat some diseases. The seeds of black cumin have been used in different traditional foods such as bakery products, confectionery, and drinks. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family.
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